lookup.go raw

   1  // Code generated by "go test -run=Generate -write=all"; DO NOT EDIT.
   2  // Source: ../../cmd/compile/internal/types2/lookup.go
   3  
   4  // Copyright 2013 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
   5  // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
   6  // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
   7  
   8  // This file implements various field and method lookup functions.
   9  
  10  package types
  11  
  12  import "bytes"
  13  
  14  // LookupSelection selects the field or method whose ID is Id(pkg,
  15  // name), on a value of type T. If addressable is set, T is the type
  16  // of an addressable variable (this matters only for method lookups).
  17  // T must not be nil.
  18  //
  19  // If the selection is valid:
  20  //
  21  //   - [Selection.Obj] returns the field ([Var]) or method ([Func]);
  22  //   - [Selection.Indirect] reports whether there were any pointer
  23  //     indirections on the path to the field or method.
  24  //   - [Selection.Index] returns the index sequence, defined below.
  25  //
  26  // The last index entry is the field or method index in the (possibly
  27  // embedded) type where the entry was found, either:
  28  //
  29  //  1. the list of declared methods of a named type; or
  30  //  2. the list of all methods (method set) of an interface type; or
  31  //  3. the list of fields of a struct type.
  32  //
  33  // The earlier index entries are the indices of the embedded struct
  34  // fields traversed to get to the found entry, starting at depth 0.
  35  //
  36  // See also [LookupFieldOrMethod], which returns the components separately.
  37  func LookupSelection(T Type, addressable bool, pkg *Package, name string) (Selection, bool) {
  38  	obj, index, indirect := LookupFieldOrMethod(T, addressable, pkg, name)
  39  	var kind SelectionKind
  40  	switch obj.(type) {
  41  	case nil:
  42  		return Selection{}, false
  43  	case *Func:
  44  		kind = MethodVal
  45  	case *Var:
  46  		kind = FieldVal
  47  	default:
  48  		panic(obj) // can't happen
  49  	}
  50  	return Selection{kind, T, obj, index, indirect}, true
  51  }
  52  
  53  // Internal use of LookupFieldOrMethod: If the obj result is a method
  54  // associated with a concrete (non-interface) type, the method's signature
  55  // may not be fully set up. Call Checker.objDecl(obj, nil) before accessing
  56  // the method's type.
  57  
  58  // LookupFieldOrMethod looks up a field or method with given package and name
  59  // in T and returns the corresponding *Var or *Func, an index sequence, and a
  60  // bool indicating if there were any pointer indirections on the path to the
  61  // field or method. If addressable is set, T is the type of an addressable
  62  // variable (only matters for method lookups). T must not be nil.
  63  //
  64  // The last index entry is the field or method index in the (possibly embedded)
  65  // type where the entry was found, either:
  66  //
  67  //  1. the list of declared methods of a named type; or
  68  //  2. the list of all methods (method set) of an interface type; or
  69  //  3. the list of fields of a struct type.
  70  //
  71  // The earlier index entries are the indices of the embedded struct fields
  72  // traversed to get to the found entry, starting at depth 0.
  73  //
  74  // If no entry is found, a nil object is returned. In this case, the returned
  75  // index and indirect values have the following meaning:
  76  //
  77  //   - If index != nil, the index sequence points to an ambiguous entry
  78  //     (the same name appeared more than once at the same embedding level).
  79  //
  80  //   - If indirect is set, a method with a pointer receiver type was found
  81  //     but there was no pointer on the path from the actual receiver type to
  82  //     the method's formal receiver base type, nor was the receiver addressable.
  83  //
  84  // See also [LookupSelection], which returns the result as a [Selection].
  85  func LookupFieldOrMethod(T Type, addressable bool, pkg *Package, name string) (obj Object, index []int, indirect bool) {
  86  	if T == nil {
  87  		panic("LookupFieldOrMethod on nil type")
  88  	}
  89  	return lookupFieldOrMethod(T, addressable, pkg, name, false)
  90  }
  91  
  92  // lookupFieldOrMethod is like LookupFieldOrMethod but with the additional foldCase parameter
  93  // (see Object.sameId for the meaning of foldCase).
  94  func lookupFieldOrMethod(T Type, addressable bool, pkg *Package, name string, foldCase bool) (obj Object, index []int, indirect bool) {
  95  	// Methods cannot be associated to a named pointer type.
  96  	// (spec: "The type denoted by T is called the receiver base type;
  97  	// it must not be a pointer or interface type and it must be declared
  98  	// in the same package as the method.").
  99  	// Thus, if we have a named pointer type, proceed with the underlying
 100  	// pointer type but discard the result if it is a method since we would
 101  	// not have found it for T (see also go.dev/issue/8590).
 102  	if t := asNamed(T); t != nil {
 103  		if p, _ := t.Underlying().(*Pointer); p != nil {
 104  			obj, index, indirect = lookupFieldOrMethodImpl(p, false, pkg, name, foldCase)
 105  			if _, ok := obj.(*Func); ok {
 106  				return nil, nil, false
 107  			}
 108  			return
 109  		}
 110  	}
 111  
 112  	obj, index, indirect = lookupFieldOrMethodImpl(T, addressable, pkg, name, foldCase)
 113  
 114  	// If we didn't find anything and if we have a type parameter with a common underlying
 115  	// type, see if there is a matching field (but not a method, those need to be declared
 116  	// explicitly in the constraint). If the constraint is a named pointer type (see above),
 117  	// we are ok here because only fields are accepted as results.
 118  	const enableTParamFieldLookup = false // see go.dev/issue/51576
 119  	if enableTParamFieldLookup && obj == nil && isTypeParam(T) {
 120  		if t, _ := commonUnder(T, nil); t != nil {
 121  			obj, index, indirect = lookupFieldOrMethodImpl(t, addressable, pkg, name, foldCase)
 122  			if _, ok := obj.(*Var); !ok {
 123  				obj, index, indirect = nil, nil, false // accept fields (variables) only
 124  			}
 125  		}
 126  	}
 127  	return
 128  }
 129  
 130  // lookupFieldOrMethodImpl is the implementation of lookupFieldOrMethod.
 131  // Notably, in contrast to lookupFieldOrMethod, it won't find struct fields
 132  // in base types of defined (*Named) pointer types T. For instance, given
 133  // the declaration:
 134  //
 135  //	type T *struct{f int}
 136  //
 137  // lookupFieldOrMethodImpl won't find the field f in the defined (*Named) type T
 138  // (methods on T are not permitted in the first place).
 139  //
 140  // Thus, lookupFieldOrMethodImpl should only be called by lookupFieldOrMethod
 141  // and missingMethod (the latter doesn't care about struct fields).
 142  //
 143  // The resulting object may not be fully type-checked.
 144  func lookupFieldOrMethodImpl(T Type, addressable bool, pkg *Package, name string, foldCase bool) (obj Object, index []int, indirect bool) {
 145  	// WARNING: The code in this function is extremely subtle - do not modify casually!
 146  
 147  	if name == "_" {
 148  		return // blank fields/methods are never found
 149  	}
 150  
 151  	// Importantly, we must not call under before the call to deref below (nor
 152  	// does deref call under), as doing so could incorrectly result in finding
 153  	// methods of the pointer base type when T is a (*Named) pointer type.
 154  	typ, isPtr := deref(T)
 155  
 156  	// *typ where typ is an interface (incl. a type parameter) has no methods.
 157  	if isPtr {
 158  		if _, ok := under(typ).(*Interface); ok {
 159  			return
 160  		}
 161  	}
 162  
 163  	// Start with typ as single entry at shallowest depth.
 164  	current := []embeddedType{{typ, nil, isPtr, false}}
 165  
 166  	// seen tracks named types that we have seen already, allocated lazily.
 167  	// Used to avoid endless searches in case of recursive types.
 168  	//
 169  	// We must use a lookup on identity rather than a simple map[*Named]bool as
 170  	// instantiated types may be identical but not equal.
 171  	var seen instanceLookup
 172  
 173  	// search current depth
 174  	for len(current) > 0 {
 175  		var next []embeddedType // embedded types found at current depth
 176  
 177  		// look for (pkg, name) in all types at current depth
 178  		for _, e := range current {
 179  			typ := e.typ
 180  
 181  			// If we have a named type, we may have associated methods.
 182  			// Look for those first.
 183  			if named := asNamed(typ); named != nil {
 184  				if alt := seen.lookup(named); alt != nil {
 185  					// We have seen this type before, at a more shallow depth
 186  					// (note that multiples of this type at the current depth
 187  					// were consolidated before). The type at that depth shadows
 188  					// this same type at the current depth, so we can ignore
 189  					// this one.
 190  					continue
 191  				}
 192  				seen.add(named)
 193  
 194  				// look for a matching attached method
 195  				if i, m := named.lookupMethod(pkg, name, foldCase); m != nil {
 196  					// potential match
 197  					// caution: method may not have a proper signature yet
 198  					index = concat(e.index, i)
 199  					if obj != nil || e.multiples {
 200  						return nil, index, false // collision
 201  					}
 202  					obj = m
 203  					indirect = e.indirect
 204  					continue // we can't have a matching field or interface method
 205  				}
 206  			}
 207  
 208  			switch t := under(typ).(type) {
 209  			case *Struct:
 210  				// look for a matching field and collect embedded types
 211  				for i, f := range t.fields {
 212  					if f.sameId(pkg, name, foldCase) {
 213  						assert(f.typ != nil)
 214  						index = concat(e.index, i)
 215  						if obj != nil || e.multiples {
 216  							return nil, index, false // collision
 217  						}
 218  						obj = f
 219  						indirect = e.indirect
 220  						continue // we can't have a matching interface method
 221  					}
 222  					// Collect embedded struct fields for searching the next
 223  					// lower depth, but only if we have not seen a match yet
 224  					// (if we have a match it is either the desired field or
 225  					// we have a name collision on the same depth; in either
 226  					// case we don't need to look further).
 227  					// Embedded fields are always of the form T or *T where
 228  					// T is a type name. If e.typ appeared multiple times at
 229  					// this depth, f.typ appears multiple times at the next
 230  					// depth.
 231  					if obj == nil && f.embedded {
 232  						typ, isPtr := deref(f.typ)
 233  						// TODO(gri) optimization: ignore types that can't
 234  						// have fields or methods (only Named, Struct, and
 235  						// Interface types need to be considered).
 236  						next = append(next, embeddedType{typ, concat(e.index, i), e.indirect || isPtr, e.multiples})
 237  					}
 238  				}
 239  
 240  			case *Interface:
 241  				// look for a matching method (interface may be a type parameter)
 242  				if i, m := t.typeSet().LookupMethod(pkg, name, foldCase); m != nil {
 243  					assert(m.typ != nil)
 244  					index = concat(e.index, i)
 245  					if obj != nil || e.multiples {
 246  						return nil, index, false // collision
 247  					}
 248  					obj = m
 249  					indirect = e.indirect
 250  				}
 251  			}
 252  		}
 253  
 254  		if obj != nil {
 255  			// found a potential match
 256  			// spec: "A method call x.m() is valid if the method set of (the type of) x
 257  			//        contains m and the argument list can be assigned to the parameter
 258  			//        list of m. If x is addressable and &x's method set contains m, x.m()
 259  			//        is shorthand for (&x).m()".
 260  			if f, _ := obj.(*Func); f != nil {
 261  				// determine if method has a pointer receiver
 262  				if f.hasPtrRecv() && !indirect && !addressable {
 263  					return nil, nil, true // pointer/addressable receiver required
 264  				}
 265  			}
 266  			return
 267  		}
 268  
 269  		current = consolidateMultiples(next)
 270  	}
 271  
 272  	return nil, nil, false // not found
 273  }
 274  
 275  // embeddedType represents an embedded type
 276  type embeddedType struct {
 277  	typ       Type
 278  	index     []int // embedded field indices, starting with index at depth 0
 279  	indirect  bool  // if set, there was a pointer indirection on the path to this field
 280  	multiples bool  // if set, typ appears multiple times at this depth
 281  }
 282  
 283  // consolidateMultiples collects multiple list entries with the same type
 284  // into a single entry marked as containing multiples. The result is the
 285  // consolidated list.
 286  func consolidateMultiples(list []embeddedType) []embeddedType {
 287  	if len(list) <= 1 {
 288  		return list // at most one entry - nothing to do
 289  	}
 290  
 291  	n := 0                     // number of entries w/ unique type
 292  	prev := make(map[Type]int) // index at which type was previously seen
 293  	for _, e := range list {
 294  		if i, found := lookupType(prev, e.typ); found {
 295  			list[i].multiples = true
 296  			// ignore this entry
 297  		} else {
 298  			prev[e.typ] = n
 299  			list[n] = e
 300  			n++
 301  		}
 302  	}
 303  	return list[:n]
 304  }
 305  
 306  func lookupType(m map[Type]int, typ Type) (int, bool) {
 307  	// fast path: maybe the types are equal
 308  	if i, found := m[typ]; found {
 309  		return i, true
 310  	}
 311  
 312  	for t, i := range m {
 313  		if Identical(t, typ) {
 314  			return i, true
 315  		}
 316  	}
 317  
 318  	return 0, false
 319  }
 320  
 321  type instanceLookup struct {
 322  	// buf is used to avoid allocating the map m in the common case of a small
 323  	// number of instances.
 324  	buf [3]*Named
 325  	m   map[*Named][]*Named
 326  }
 327  
 328  func (l *instanceLookup) lookup(inst *Named) *Named {
 329  	for _, t := range l.buf {
 330  		if t != nil && Identical(inst, t) {
 331  			return t
 332  		}
 333  	}
 334  	for _, t := range l.m[inst.Origin()] {
 335  		if Identical(inst, t) {
 336  			return t
 337  		}
 338  	}
 339  	return nil
 340  }
 341  
 342  func (l *instanceLookup) add(inst *Named) {
 343  	for i, t := range l.buf {
 344  		if t == nil {
 345  			l.buf[i] = inst
 346  			return
 347  		}
 348  	}
 349  	if l.m == nil {
 350  		l.m = make(map[*Named][]*Named)
 351  	}
 352  	insts := l.m[inst.Origin()]
 353  	l.m[inst.Origin()] = append(insts, inst)
 354  }
 355  
 356  // MissingMethod returns (nil, false) if V implements T, otherwise it
 357  // returns a missing method required by T and whether it is missing or
 358  // just has the wrong type: either a pointer receiver or wrong signature.
 359  //
 360  // For non-interface types V, or if static is set, V implements T if all
 361  // methods of T are present in V. Otherwise (V is an interface and static
 362  // is not set), MissingMethod only checks that methods of T which are also
 363  // present in V have matching types (e.g., for a type assertion x.(T) where
 364  // x is of interface type V).
 365  func MissingMethod(V Type, T *Interface, static bool) (method *Func, wrongType bool) {
 366  	return (*Checker)(nil).missingMethod(V, T, static, Identical, nil)
 367  }
 368  
 369  // missingMethod is like MissingMethod but accepts a *Checker as receiver,
 370  // a comparator equivalent for type comparison, and a *string for error causes.
 371  // The receiver may be nil if missingMethod is invoked through an exported
 372  // API call (such as MissingMethod), i.e., when all methods have been type-
 373  // checked.
 374  // The underlying type of T must be an interface; T (rather than its under-
 375  // lying type) is used for better error messages (reported through *cause).
 376  // The comparator is used to compare signatures.
 377  // If a method is missing and cause is not nil, *cause describes the error.
 378  func (check *Checker) missingMethod(V, T Type, static bool, equivalent func(x, y Type) bool, cause *string) (method *Func, wrongType bool) {
 379  	methods := under(T).(*Interface).typeSet().methods // T must be an interface
 380  	if len(methods) == 0 {
 381  		return nil, false
 382  	}
 383  
 384  	const (
 385  		ok = iota
 386  		notFound
 387  		wrongName
 388  		unexported
 389  		wrongSig
 390  		ambigSel
 391  		ptrRecv
 392  		field
 393  	)
 394  
 395  	state := ok
 396  	var m *Func // method on T we're trying to implement
 397  	var f *Func // method on V, if found (state is one of ok, wrongName, wrongSig)
 398  
 399  	if u, _ := under(V).(*Interface); u != nil {
 400  		tset := u.typeSet()
 401  		for _, m = range methods {
 402  			_, f = tset.LookupMethod(m.pkg, m.name, false)
 403  
 404  			if f == nil {
 405  				if !static {
 406  					continue
 407  				}
 408  				state = notFound
 409  				break
 410  			}
 411  
 412  			if !equivalent(f.typ, m.typ) {
 413  				state = wrongSig
 414  				break
 415  			}
 416  		}
 417  	} else {
 418  		for _, m = range methods {
 419  			obj, index, indirect := lookupFieldOrMethodImpl(V, false, m.pkg, m.name, false)
 420  
 421  			// check if m is ambiguous, on *V, or on V with case-folding
 422  			if obj == nil {
 423  				switch {
 424  				case index != nil:
 425  					state = ambigSel
 426  				case indirect:
 427  					state = ptrRecv
 428  				default:
 429  					state = notFound
 430  					obj, _, _ = lookupFieldOrMethodImpl(V, false, m.pkg, m.name, true /* fold case */)
 431  					f, _ = obj.(*Func)
 432  					if f != nil {
 433  						state = wrongName
 434  						if f.name == m.name {
 435  							// If the names are equal, f must be unexported
 436  							// (otherwise the package wouldn't matter).
 437  							state = unexported
 438  						}
 439  					}
 440  				}
 441  				break
 442  			}
 443  
 444  			// we must have a method (not a struct field)
 445  			f, _ = obj.(*Func)
 446  			if f == nil {
 447  				state = field
 448  				break
 449  			}
 450  
 451  			// methods may not have a fully set up signature yet
 452  			if check != nil {
 453  				check.objDecl(f, nil)
 454  			}
 455  
 456  			if !equivalent(f.typ, m.typ) {
 457  				state = wrongSig
 458  				break
 459  			}
 460  		}
 461  	}
 462  
 463  	if state == ok {
 464  		return nil, false
 465  	}
 466  
 467  	if cause != nil {
 468  		if f != nil {
 469  			// This method may be formatted in funcString below, so must have a fully
 470  			// set up signature.
 471  			if check != nil {
 472  				check.objDecl(f, nil)
 473  			}
 474  		}
 475  		switch state {
 476  		case notFound:
 477  			switch {
 478  			case isInterfacePtr(V):
 479  				*cause = "(" + check.interfacePtrError(V) + ")"
 480  			case isInterfacePtr(T):
 481  				*cause = "(" + check.interfacePtrError(T) + ")"
 482  			default:
 483  				*cause = check.sprintf("(missing method %s)", m.Name())
 484  			}
 485  		case wrongName:
 486  			fs, ms := check.funcString(f, false), check.funcString(m, false)
 487  			*cause = check.sprintf("(missing method %s)\n\t\thave %s\n\t\twant %s", m.Name(), fs, ms)
 488  		case unexported:
 489  			*cause = check.sprintf("(unexported method %s)", m.Name())
 490  		case wrongSig:
 491  			fs, ms := check.funcString(f, false), check.funcString(m, false)
 492  			if fs == ms {
 493  				// Don't report "want Foo, have Foo".
 494  				// Add package information to disambiguate (go.dev/issue/54258).
 495  				fs, ms = check.funcString(f, true), check.funcString(m, true)
 496  			}
 497  			if fs == ms {
 498  				// We still have "want Foo, have Foo".
 499  				// This is most likely due to different type parameters with
 500  				// the same name appearing in the instantiated signatures
 501  				// (go.dev/issue/61685).
 502  				// Rather than reporting this misleading error cause, for now
 503  				// just point out that the method signature is incorrect.
 504  				// TODO(gri) should find a good way to report the root cause
 505  				*cause = check.sprintf("(wrong type for method %s)", m.Name())
 506  				break
 507  			}
 508  			*cause = check.sprintf("(wrong type for method %s)\n\t\thave %s\n\t\twant %s", m.Name(), fs, ms)
 509  		case ambigSel:
 510  			*cause = check.sprintf("(ambiguous selector %s.%s)", V, m.Name())
 511  		case ptrRecv:
 512  			*cause = check.sprintf("(method %s has pointer receiver)", m.Name())
 513  		case field:
 514  			*cause = check.sprintf("(%s.%s is a field, not a method)", V, m.Name())
 515  		default:
 516  			panic("unreachable")
 517  		}
 518  	}
 519  
 520  	return m, state == wrongSig || state == ptrRecv
 521  }
 522  
 523  // hasAllMethods is similar to checkMissingMethod but instead reports whether all methods are present.
 524  // If V is not a valid type, or if it is a struct containing embedded fields with invalid types, the
 525  // result is true because it is not possible to say with certainty whether a method is missing or not
 526  // (an embedded field may have the method in question).
 527  // If the result is false and cause is not nil, *cause describes the error.
 528  // Use hasAllMethods to avoid follow-on errors due to incorrect types.
 529  func (check *Checker) hasAllMethods(V, T Type, static bool, equivalent func(x, y Type) bool, cause *string) bool {
 530  	if !isValid(V) {
 531  		return true // we don't know anything about V, assume it implements T
 532  	}
 533  	m, _ := check.missingMethod(V, T, static, equivalent, cause)
 534  	return m == nil || hasInvalidEmbeddedFields(V, nil)
 535  }
 536  
 537  // hasInvalidEmbeddedFields reports whether T is a struct (or a pointer to a struct) that contains
 538  // (directly or indirectly) embedded fields with invalid types.
 539  func hasInvalidEmbeddedFields(T Type, seen map[*Struct]bool) bool {
 540  	if S, _ := under(derefStructPtr(T)).(*Struct); S != nil && !seen[S] {
 541  		if seen == nil {
 542  			seen = make(map[*Struct]bool)
 543  		}
 544  		seen[S] = true
 545  		for _, f := range S.fields {
 546  			if f.embedded && (!isValid(f.typ) || hasInvalidEmbeddedFields(f.typ, seen)) {
 547  				return true
 548  			}
 549  		}
 550  	}
 551  	return false
 552  }
 553  
 554  func isInterfacePtr(T Type) bool {
 555  	p, _ := under(T).(*Pointer)
 556  	return p != nil && IsInterface(p.base)
 557  }
 558  
 559  // check may be nil.
 560  func (check *Checker) interfacePtrError(T Type) string {
 561  	assert(isInterfacePtr(T))
 562  	if p, _ := under(T).(*Pointer); isTypeParam(p.base) {
 563  		return check.sprintf("type %s is pointer to type parameter, not type parameter", T)
 564  	}
 565  	return check.sprintf("type %s is pointer to interface, not interface", T)
 566  }
 567  
 568  // funcString returns a string of the form name + signature for f.
 569  // check may be nil.
 570  func (check *Checker) funcString(f *Func, pkgInfo bool) string {
 571  	buf := bytes.NewBufferString(f.name)
 572  	var qf Qualifier
 573  	if check != nil && !pkgInfo {
 574  		qf = check.qualifier
 575  	}
 576  	w := newTypeWriter(buf, qf)
 577  	w.pkgInfo = pkgInfo
 578  	w.paramNames = false
 579  	w.signature(f.typ.(*Signature))
 580  	return buf.String()
 581  }
 582  
 583  // assertableTo reports whether a value of type V can be asserted to have type T.
 584  // The receiver may be nil if assertableTo is invoked through an exported API call
 585  // (such as AssertableTo), i.e., when all methods have been type-checked.
 586  // The underlying type of V must be an interface.
 587  // If the result is false and cause is not nil, *cause describes the error.
 588  // TODO(gri) replace calls to this function with calls to newAssertableTo.
 589  func (check *Checker) assertableTo(V, T Type, cause *string) bool {
 590  	// no static check is required if T is an interface
 591  	// spec: "If T is an interface type, x.(T) asserts that the
 592  	//        dynamic type of x implements the interface T."
 593  	if IsInterface(T) {
 594  		return true
 595  	}
 596  	// TODO(gri) fix this for generalized interfaces
 597  	return check.hasAllMethods(T, V, false, Identical, cause)
 598  }
 599  
 600  // newAssertableTo reports whether a value of type V can be asserted to have type T.
 601  // It also implements behavior for interfaces that currently are only permitted
 602  // in constraint position (we have not yet defined that behavior in the spec).
 603  // The underlying type of V must be an interface.
 604  // If the result is false and cause is not nil, *cause is set to the error cause.
 605  func (check *Checker) newAssertableTo(V, T Type, cause *string) bool {
 606  	// no static check is required if T is an interface
 607  	// spec: "If T is an interface type, x.(T) asserts that the
 608  	//        dynamic type of x implements the interface T."
 609  	if IsInterface(T) {
 610  		return true
 611  	}
 612  	return check.implements(T, V, false, cause)
 613  }
 614  
 615  // deref dereferences typ if it is a *Pointer (but not a *Named type
 616  // with an underlying pointer type!) and returns its base and true.
 617  // Otherwise it returns (typ, false).
 618  func deref(typ Type) (Type, bool) {
 619  	if p, _ := Unalias(typ).(*Pointer); p != nil {
 620  		// p.base should never be nil, but be conservative
 621  		if p.base == nil {
 622  			if debug {
 623  				panic("pointer with nil base type (possibly due to an invalid cyclic declaration)")
 624  			}
 625  			return Typ[Invalid], true
 626  		}
 627  		return p.base, true
 628  	}
 629  	return typ, false
 630  }
 631  
 632  // derefStructPtr dereferences typ if it is a (named or unnamed) pointer to a
 633  // (named or unnamed) struct and returns its base. Otherwise it returns typ.
 634  func derefStructPtr(typ Type) Type {
 635  	if p, _ := under(typ).(*Pointer); p != nil {
 636  		if _, ok := under(p.base).(*Struct); ok {
 637  			return p.base
 638  		}
 639  	}
 640  	return typ
 641  }
 642  
 643  // concat returns the result of concatenating list and i.
 644  // The result does not share its underlying array with list.
 645  func concat(list []int, i int) []int {
 646  	var t []int
 647  	t = append(t, list...)
 648  	return append(t, i)
 649  }
 650  
 651  // fieldIndex returns the index for the field with matching package and name, or a value < 0.
 652  // See Object.sameId for the meaning of foldCase.
 653  func fieldIndex(fields []*Var, pkg *Package, name string, foldCase bool) int {
 654  	if name != "_" {
 655  		for i, f := range fields {
 656  			if f.sameId(pkg, name, foldCase) {
 657  				return i
 658  			}
 659  		}
 660  	}
 661  	return -1
 662  }
 663  
 664  // methodIndex returns the index of and method with matching package and name, or (-1, nil).
 665  // See Object.sameId for the meaning of foldCase.
 666  func methodIndex(methods []*Func, pkg *Package, name string, foldCase bool) (int, *Func) {
 667  	if name != "_" {
 668  		for i, m := range methods {
 669  			if m.sameId(pkg, name, foldCase) {
 670  				return i, m
 671  			}
 672  		}
 673  	}
 674  	return -1, nil
 675  }
 676